Write a management report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Write a management report - Essay ExampleThe memo therefore proposes that management should consider identifying the cost drivers and observe its activities to visualise their cost. In assessing whether to accept special orders, management needs to accurately compute contribution margin by only considering the variable costs. Fixed costs should only help in determining the break-even point for special orders. Performance evaluation should as well focus on factors that are within employees control rather than incorporating non-controllable costs elements to evaluate the employees working in the SMU2 sector.The major concern of the SMU2 department is the use of inappropriate cost allocation model for the MP yield where material costs, labour costs and variable costs are allocated to the harvest-feast based on estimates. The allocation of material and labour costs to the MP product is acceptable since these are direct costs incurred in the product manufacturing. Allocation of factor overheads especially remaining factory costs should however be reviewed. These overheads should non be allocated to MP on a fixed percentage basis since MP special order sales only accounts for 2% of the revenue. Allocating the overheads on a fixed proportion therefore inflates the costs and reduces the contribution margin.In addition, allocation of media and promotion costs for SMU1 and SMU2 further fails to consider the cost drivers of the activities. Marketing costs should not be allocated depending on the weight of the products but the revenue derived from the effectiveness of such advertisement. This was, management will have to identify the increase in sales resulting from the additive costs on advertisement.Allocation of management costs to the various products and departments has also failed to take into account the volume allocation and the level of activities performed by such share staff on the various products. Activity based costing should be used to monitor the act ivities of the management to the

Course Expectations and Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Course Expectations and Goals - Essay ExampleI have not always been an A student, but this particular topic interests me, and I think that I should be able to shine if I study hard and am open to learning from you, my teacher, and in like manner my peers, who may be to a greater extent knowledgeable about me in this certain subject.My strengths in technical writing are that I am someone who has a lot of thoughts swirling around in my brain, so it shouldnt be too hard for me to jot them down on paper. Part of being such a good writer is to always be open to critique, and I am sure that this is one area that I can excel in. On the other(a) hand though, my attention to detail is perhaps not as great as it should be. I think the reason for this is that I think faster than I can write, and thus the words are coming out of my brain much faster than I can write them out. I am mindful of this and realize that I need to slow it down and properly construe the thought patterns that may be i n my head.In terms of organization, I am a pretty well-organized person because I set deadlines for whenever I have to complete something by. Part of this process is breaking down the task into sm eacher more manageable chunks so that the task does not seem so daunting at first. My mind is naturally inclined to think critically about whatsoever I am writing about (Is this the lone(prenominal) way? What if my way is wrong? Is there a better option?). I ask myself all these questions because I always want to strive for the very best that I have to offer. If I can refine my work just marginally, it may difference up strengthening my argument.My grammar skills are quite acceptable to most peoples standards. I always take great pride in the property of my work, and this also means the way it is presented too. Once I have completed a work, I go back over it and check for not only any blatant errors, but also for places where the copy can be improved or tweaked to make it more concise. I would

HRM Case Study on You Never know Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HRM Case Study on You Never know - Essay ExampleMany deserving mickle atomic number 18 fighting to get a basic job which will at least pay their mortgage and on the other hand, people who cannot redden read properly, let alone develop strategies for a confederation, get great jobs. Why is this? It all boils down to the resume. If someone has carefully crafted their resume by qualification even their simplest and easiest tasks show up as if they have climbed Mount Everest, it is obvious that it will impress the company. On the other hand, there are also those who are so gullible that they will not show up their most important experiences clearly so that they become overshadowed in the resume and dont earn them as much credit as they deserve.The fault can also be ascribed to companies for not being thorough in their selection. More lots than not they may drop a very worthy candidates resume in the bin just because the font was not proficient or his English Language might be a li ttle weak. I personally know a case from Reckitt & Benkiser who rejected a miss candidate for their Management Trainee program because her father was a retired employee of Unilever. They might have had this assumption that she will pass on secrets to a rival company.Everyone does not gift their own resume. As a business student I know that there might be a handful students who really know how to do this job well and everyone will come up to them to get their resume made. Either this, or there may be people who hire captain help to get their resumes made. This practice happens in abundance because companies look for, and hire, only those candidates who have a snappy line in their resume which will observe the eyes of the company. Writing a goal has never been tougher. Simply writing to get a good job in a multinational company to make a career is never enough. You have to write explore my horizons in the prestigious working environment this company offers and make my time in this

Mildred Taylor Essay Example for Free

Mildred Taylor EssayThe weather plays an important role in Roll of Thunder, project My Cry. Its importance is emphasised by its presence even in the title. It was also an important part of the lives of rural families. When they ploughed, sowed and harvested all depended on the weather. This importance is included in the book. The weather reflects on events that are happening and the mood in each part of the book. It also indicates what will happen in the future, building up tensity and giving warnings of danger. Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry begins in October. The Logan children are traipsing to school on a day which Cassie describes as, A bright August-like October morning make for running the cool forest trails Cassie is oblivious to racism and this reflected in the mood of this section. The weather is sunny and cheerful and although the children do not appear to be cheerful, the worst of their problems is school. It isnt until chapter 3, towards the end of October, that the weather begins to change. The fall falls heavily on the dust making it turn to red oozing mud. When they are forced into the slimed gullies by the white schools bus, the Logan children decide to get revenge.They dig a hole into the road, which they hope the school bus will drive into. However when they return later on school they find that the rain has turned their hole into a trench that the bus drives into and breaks down. Without the rain, the Logan children wouldnt have been able to get revenge on the school bus. In this situation the weather is used to their benefit. However, the rain also brings the wickednessriders, which Cassie sees and is frightened by. The Logan children fear that the nightriders are after them, trying to get revenge for the bus incident. The rain is a bad omen and creates an atmosphere of fear and worry.It is during the rain that Mr Tatum is tarred and feathered by the nightriders. In chapter 5, the rain has gone but at the beginning of chapter 6, it says that the night was a thick blackness and smelled of coming rain. This adds tension and anticipation of bad things to come, as last time there was rain the night men rode. The stretch of Uncle Hammer adds friction to the situation, as the whites do not like to see a successful black person. The weather is getting colder, which is indicated by Uncle Hammers gift of a coat to Stacey. At Christmas, it is very cold and the family huddle round the warmth of a fire in their home.

A life in the day of Paul Harris Essay Example for Free

A life in the day of Paul Harris EssayI wake up 630 a. m. with my light vent on and a very loud voice shouting, Get up Paul Immediately or I will stop you from playing chimerical games on your Play identify. (I find this one of my mothers most annoying habits. ) I eventu totallyy haul myself out of my bed and stagger to the bathroom, where I transform my self from ape to human. Laura my adorable (if somewhat a pain), sister, is already dressed and downstairs feeding our cat Bobby. Dad is blocking the stairs putting his shoes on as he advances to work for another day in the bank.Mum is busy juggling the washing machine, the toaster, packed lunch and signing my planner. Just as I infer it is safe to come down stairs, to take away a tasty breakfast of Coco Pops, my mum would start practicing Opera, for her lesson on Friday lunch time. I dont specially like Opera, I prefer Punk rock, my favourite band is Blink 182 and my favourite song is, All the small things. The trip to school is fun and arouse with lots of little alloy ways to get lost in. The ride on the train is an exciting but short journey from Hightown station towards Freshfeld station via Formby station.I walk to school from there with my best friend Jamie Hall, who has his hair up spiked and also likes Punk rock. We both share a banging interest in computers and we are both going to build a computer individually. School is a mixture of excitement and work (education). This year I have taken a great interest in my education because it is the start of my G. C. S. Es. A time of hard work to get qualifications. I particularly have to work at English, but Im lucky because my English teacher is a good teacher, who teaches the class properly. I enjoy I.T because it is full of kindle facts about computers and when the teachers not looking, I start playing games like Sonic the Hedgehog. Maths is a good subject because I can do the work, at the moment. I sit next to Michael Roberts who can be good fun but gets moody sometimes (we all have faults and mine is that I boot things). At breaks I walk round the school mumbling about computers or games with Jamie. Sometimes I play a game called manhunt with a a couple of(prenominal) of my other friends, like Ashlee Rowe. It is a physical game that involves chasing people and catching them.When it is time to leave school, I wait for my friend Allister in year ten, (we locomote next door to each other). We get the train together Allister is more obsessed about computers than I am, but he adores games and I love all aspects of computers. When I get home, my homework comes first before any thing else, so I do it, have something to eat, before my horrible task of iron my force cadets uniform. I go to cadets with a friend from school called Danny He can be a bit strange at times because he makes noises with his mouth.Cadets is enjoy full because I love the Army and the activities I do (Im not the best at shooting because Im short sigh ted). I think The Army will be my career as an officer or I might join the navy, as an engineering officer. For now I will think I will stay who I am. When dad gets home from a very stressful job, he is usually moody like a own with a sore head, so I help him buy making him a brew of P. G Tips tea. At tea time I have to gulp my tea down so Im ready for cadets. My friend Chris Caralan picks me up for cadets he is 15 and has recently lost his lance corporal stripe for forgetting to go to annual camp.To night will be a brilliant night because I get to go in the best tank in the world, The contest 2. When we arrived at the Army camp it was there, the Challenger 2. A giant monster by its self, a khaki coloured snail with a thick bed of armour like a shell. It had two eyes both sides of the turret to give it character. When one of the officers turned on the engine it roared like a gray bear. We got a chance to gone in it and a guided tour. After a long exhausting day I finally get a chance to drop off at the land of nod.

War is Peace Essay Example for Free

War is Peace EssayAs the Night set in over Afghanistan on October 7th 2001, the night was suddenly ablaze with display of light and sound. Ironically it was a Black Sunday for the people of Afghanistan. The U. S conducted air raids on Afghanistan. Afghanistan was already in rubble. Were these attacks justified? These raids were telecast on TV channels. Many innocent children witnessed these intense episodes of blood shed. For every terrorist killed, many innocent lives were wiped out. These killings created much terrorists. What is this war and furiousness all about?This is about space, not a war of near over evil or culture. Living without space can prove to be claustrophobic and so it blew up into a war. These raids totally pulverized Afghanistan further. All the arterial roads were closed and with winter setting in, it was difficult for people to induce food. Though food packets were air dropped, people were in constant fear of being blown up by land mines. In the past x x years wars between Soviet Union and America have given rise to a group of maimed and disfigured people mostly in their forties.Young orphans stripped of their innocence strutted around with guns in their hands. These were young hands that never held teddies. Young men beat and raped women without any feelings of guilt. Now magnetic north alliance Talibans enemy is trying to give supremacy over Kabul and faced with complete defeat and soldiers were switching sides. Are these acts of communal vehemence justified? There is no excuse. These acts cannot be justified even if it is in retribution. The international coalition against terror is a group of rich countries that hold weapons of spile destruction Chemical, Biological and Nuclear.Most wars have been fought by these countries. They have upheld strength and war. They have supported dictators. Arundhathi Roy is an intense writer. Her detailed descriptions of war makes you sit up and think. She speaks of these acts of violenc e from a social and cultural perspective. What is this war all about? Is it about establishing peace? Peace at what cost? Can peace be achieved with more violence and fighting? It only leads to communal violence and hatred. This communal violence is a result of misinterpretation of Religion and the real issue gets sidelined.Cant these terrorist attacks be detected before it happens? With all the high tech gadgets and the intelligence on the job it is impossible to track each and every email, every shout out call, letter or plan. During wars fear, suspicion and rumors terrify people. News of death and violence create panic leading to more acts of violence. Ultimately it leads to monoculture and dictatorship. Use of religion to gain power is dangerous. The US air dropped food like rice which could not be cooked without fire.Was The US Government attempting to use this misery to boost its image? The compose wonders. According to the book, there seems to be some underlying causes than what it appears to be. What is the root cause of all this blood shed and terrorism? The author wonders if it was power and oil. Or was it good over evil? Or was it all about religion? At the end of the book War is Peace, the author Arundathi Roy questions how long can we be dampen spectators? Is it not time for us to voice our opinions she wonders. Is the beauty and joy of nature lost? She wonders.

E-Commerce in Fashion

E-Commerce in FashionBackgroundE-commerce is in stylus so many companies of exclusively sizes and types ar reviewing their sales strategies. Consideration is being given to either (or both) selling to some other(a)wise businesses electronic bothy (B2B) or selling instantaneously to individual customers over the Internet (B2C). some(prenominal) companies are failing to live up to expectations, with problems such(prenominal) as poor website soma making ordering difficult, website bereavement (crashes) from overload or because they were in fatten up, failure to nourish the order, subsequent out-of-stock, failure to deliver on m.The Project BriefYou, as the bear executer, are to proposal a brook for a Triangle bundle house to develop an online Hotel doment corpse for an world(prenominal) hotel chain. The rove is scheduled to arrest onsixthof July 2010.The throw up should pee the pursuance optionsGuests Room Reservations for guestsServices Adding other work use, emitaurant use, bar use by guests aid To brinytain books in the administrationInquires To spang nearly availableness of rooms, reservations, gust listsFour computers oblige to be supplied for the selected find and these computers motifs to be ne twainrked. Required time schedule for the mould is three months.From the Project tutors point of view, an e-commerce draw is no different from any other puke. You aim a framework to plan resources and bud ext stamp out you moldiness watch the plan against an let calendar and you need to ensure that you include the tutorial and quality-related tasks that leave behind help the undertaking coach succeed.You need to plan how the take to should be initiated. However, your initiation plan should be presented in sufficient detail for some i else to manage it. You are not evaluate to take all the answers at this fix up place of the skill of get a line preparedness is to ensure that you put the tasks in designate to find out what is un agnizen and to manage the obvious happens.Task 1(a) As the Project Manager, you are expected to decide on the following1. The tasks necessitate to carry out the project aim for at least 10-15 tasks.Traditional charge up System (SDLC-System Development conduct Cycle)Strategic Study vocation understandFeasibility ingest requisite analysisRequirement Specification reproducible transcription preconditionLogical throwPhysical DesignCodingexamination writ of executionMaintenancePaste outRelate Traditional File System abuses to Hotel care governance Case Study.We use Traditional File System for Hotel perplexity bodyto develop their organization.Strategic sight Project Manager goes to the Hotel say the afoot(predicate) system subsequentlyward he understood what the system that they need to develop is what they engineering science must use to develop the hotel.Business study- Project Manager prepare a history project initiation document this depart g ive the general definition for the developing system that document shown to the hotel managing director we bring the approval to hold back the development the clean system.Feasibility study These step uses to traditional file system how to feasible for hotel computerizes Economical, Technical Operational, even the developing system is most ultramodern if end drug substance abusers are working in spite of appearance difficulty that system isnt operational but this system is not difficulty use.Cost effective elans and ensuring that the enthronisation drive out be recovered and ingest the benefits with allocated budget.The technology needed is available and can be integrated with the other systems of the organization.Deciding how the new system exhalation to fit the current operational system and whether its operationally acceptable.Checking whether the new project is violating law both local and world(prenominal)Requirement analysis Firstly we call into enquire Hotel managing Director asked question close the current system what they want to include their system to computerize ..,.Investigating forms and documents which are very useable to determine system data flows and transactionsIdentifying the outputs by analyse below reports,Hourly reportDaily reportMonthly reportYearly reportThen Checking la streak updated procedure manuals and user manualsTo study user activities and to concentrate on how it is being handle.Interviewing and supervisor train users to gather opinions about the efficiency about the system, determine the necessarily of the users that to be in the new system, more than specific details about the system.Producing and arranging online Questionnaires for all operational users who are release to use the system. By this can gather information from all the throng who are going to have direct contact with the system. intendning formal observation sessions at 3 main hotels, specially the reception areaAnd well-nigh observi ng the activities performed by the users. And observing customer inquiries reservation touch etcStudying a subset documents or subset of the occupation in the area in order to get an impression of the whole activity or document set .it is useful to verify findings from interviews or the above discussed techniques.Requirement Specification How the new computer system should be working this is a kind of the document which clearly specifies the essential of the users. custom -Entity Relationship plat (ERD) information Flow Diagram (DFD).Logical system specification- This hotel computerize system include several logical specification thither are may be several technical option that could be adapted which are capable of delivering the requirement in this ramification system analysis first design restrain what those technical options and and so the help of coach-and-four select the most fitted option.Logical Design This step we design a dialog design sign interface are des ign modify process that convert on the line system data and Enquiry process concern the interaction of useful information from system data.(we should involve the hotel manager very strongly specially dialog design influence how to system looks and behave to its users)Physical Design This step we design program design database design (ERD map into database components), this stage provides all the information essential by the programmer.Coding We use language is Visual elemental for coding.(First programmer code pull up stakes be written in short pieces that delimits simple as well-defined program function.) interrogatory- we tested correctness testing, carrying into action testing ,reliability and recovery testing thence security testing stress testing usability testing, unit and integration testing external function testing ,system testing, relapse testing, acceptance testing, installation testing, completion testing, test documentation.( discover and rectify errors be low steps are planned to be done)Implementation- This stage involve readiness of the target side and making the surroundings the network here the hotel new system to target environment leave alone done and prepare in the user manual and training the hotel worker for the advanced system. System pull up stakes be installed shared in 4 computers which leave aloneing be networked LAN ( physical body with I7 processors, 4 GB Ram..) With all required packet.2. Decide on appropriate task dependencies and state durations of them.Task Duration (1= 1 day)ReferenceStrategic study 1 ABusiness study 1 BFeasibility study 1 CTechnical Feasibility2Operational Feasibility1Legal FeasibilityParallel with Op Feasibility(1)Economical Feasibility3Requirement analysis D(Forms and documents)1(Reports)1(Procedureuser manuals)1Interview-(Management level)3Interview-(Supervisor level)3(Questionnaires)1(Observation)2(Subset documentsactivity)1Requirement specification 3 ELogical system specification 2F Logical design 10 GPhysical design 20HCoding 5 I interrogation J(Unit) 5(Integrated) 1(System)1(User)2DebuggingParallel with testing(8)KImplementation L(Installation)2(User Training)2(Parallel Running)7MaintenanceContinues until phase out.MTotal Duration81-The rationalizeed tasks in task 1 are shortened and listed elaborate above, under task name.-The Duration 1 is equals to 1 day.-Maintenance starts after implementing the project until phase out.-Total geezerhood for the project is 87-(81- planned days, and balances 6 days are to manage take chancess during the project period.(Table1.1)3. bring out an Activity Net work Diagram with respect to your identified tasks,AND must be given utilise a standard Tool such as MS Project or MS VisioCritical path-A B C D E F G H I J LMS Project take(b)There are many elements in a distinctive project plan. One such element is the Introduction which concisely wangles the objectives of the project and the constraints, which affect project worry. urinate such introduction for this project using reasonable assumptions.List and explain with a sentence each other contents of a typical project plan.I am Nadeeshani and Im appointed as a project manager to develop this online hotel Management system for an international hotel chain by the triangle software house.The project is based on upgrading the existing system as an online system along with these main functions,Room reservations for guestsThe options to minimal brain damage other services handle restaurant use, bar use, gym use, etcThe system which has the ability to obtain inquires from the guests and the ability to give them an answer/feedback, for example for the customer queries like availability of rooms, reservations and guest list, etc.And to get all the above updates and inquiries from the parties and to maintain the records in the systemWe hope to start the project on 6Th of July 2010 and we were going to be finished in folk 30th 2010 (3 month) period.On that project take upning period we are considering Saturdays Sundays as working days. We hope to finished this project 26Th of September 2010.The project has run 87 days but we are mean to be substituted within 82 days rest 5 days we are planning to do collecting unanticipated problems complete the project report however we will make sure to complete this project in this 87 days period.This is the project plan how we are going to do the project.I hope the committee fractions will do their outmatch to complete the project.The quality of the system will be maintained through with(predicate)out the project by regular progress checking and progress monitoring.The project has been run through the 13 stages.Strategic studyBusiness studyFeasibility studyRequirement analysisRequirement specificationLogical system specificationLogical designPhysical designCoding, TestingDebuggingImplementationMaintenanceThese stages are planned in a greater level of detail.(These plans are apply to enshroud progress on a workweek by week basis through regular progress monitoring.)These stages are also burstd into sub tasks basically contains the lowest details. It will specify activities down to a daily level. This will be created in couple with the above mentioned stage plans.And the monitoring and tracking will be on daily basis.As a project manager I hope we will be finished the project with less errors I believe you all are will be do your best. Clearly indicated whose amenable for what in the project, clearly shown what the project is to deliver, why and for whom and by making the project that can substantially understand by everyone, mainly on time and within budgetMy motivation is to completely utilize my accumulated experience and knowledge to the fullest extent possible and making this projects a success.Task 2(a) Explain what are your typical responsibilities as a Software Project Manager in managing any type of software project and your typical tasksA softw are project manager has the overall responsibility for the successful initiation, planning, execution and closure of a project. A successful Project Manager must simultaneously manage the four basic elements of a project resources, time, money, and most importantly, scope. All these elements are interrelated. to each one must be managed effectively. All must be managed together if the project, and the project manager, is to be a success. resourcefulnesss People, equipment, materialTime Task durations, dependencies, critical path specie Costs, contingencies, profitScope Project size, goals, requirementsThis title is utilize in the construction industry, architecture, information technology and many different occupations that are based on performance of a product or service.The project manager must possess a combination of skills including an ability to ask penetrating questions, detect unstated assumptions and fall interpersonal conflicts as well as more systematic management sk ills.The role of the project manager encompasses many activities including -Planning and Defining Scope, Activity Planning and Sequencing, Resource Planning, development Schedules, Time Estimating, Cost Estimating, Developing a Budget, Controlling Quality, Managing Risks and Issues, Creating Charts and Schedules, Risk Analysis, Benefits Realization, Scalability, Interoperability and Portability Analysis,Documentation,Team Leadership, Strategic Influencing, Customer Liaison.As a software project manager my typical tasks in managing a software project will be below.Manage the production of the required product.Direct and motivate the project team.Plan and monitor the project.Manage business and project guesss. answerable for diverge bind.Report the true progress report and stage assessment to the steering committee.Prepare the end project report.Responsible for project administration. tariff MatrixIn a large project, there may be many large number who have some role in the creati on and approval of project deliverables. former(prenominal)s this is pretty straightforward, such as one person writing a document and one person approving it. In other cases, there may be many people who have a hand in the creation, and others that need to have varying levels of approval. The Responsibility Matrix is a technique used to define the general responsibilities for each role on a project. The matrix can then be used to communicate the roles to the appropriate people associated with the team. This helps set expectations, and ensures people know what is expected from them.On the matrix, the different people, or roles, appear as columns, with the specific deliverables in question listed as rows. Then, use the intersecting points to describe each persons responsibility for each deliverable.Ex(Table 2.1)A Approves the deliverableR Reviews the deliverable (and provides feedback).C Creates the deliverable (could be C (1) for primary, C (2) for backup). Usually there is onl y one person who is responsible for creating a deliverable, although many people may provide stimulation.I Provides inputN Is notified when a deliverable is completeM Manages the deliverables (such as a bibliothec, or person responsible for the document repository)In the table above, the Requirements Management Plan is created by the project manager, approved by the sponsor and client managers, and reviewed by the project team and analysts.The purpose of the matrix is to gain clarity and agreement on who does what, so you can define the columns with as much detail as makes sense. For instance, in the above example, the Project Team could have been broken into specific people or the person responsible for creating the selective information Model could have been broken out into a separate column. After the matrix is completed, it should be circulated for approval. If it is done in the Project Charter process, it can be an addendum to the Project Charter. If it is created as a part of the initial Analysis Phase, it should be circulated as a separate document.Examples of responsibility codes are as follows. Our project may define different codes, as long as you explain what they mean so that people know what the expectations are for them.Referenceshttp//www.lifecyclestep.com/open/407.0LifecycleRoles.htm(b) Briefly explain how you are going to manage the risk in the above project.Risk management is the process of analyzing exposure to risk and determining how to best handle such exposure. The project is planned to be a continuous process throughout the project until completion and considered in two main parts, the risk analysis part and the risk management part. I have planned to run risk management as below,At the start of the project, as a part of the last of whether to undertake the projectAnd at every end stage assessmentsRisk management includes the following activitiesPlanning how risk management will be held in the particular project. Plan should include risk management tasks, responsibilities, activities and budget.Assigning risk officer a team member other than a project manager who is responsible for foreseeing potential project problems. Typical characteristic of risk officer is a healthy skepticism.Maintaining live project risk database. Each risk should have the following attributes opening date, title, short description, probability and importance. Optionally risk can have assigned person responsible for its resolution and date till then risk still can be resolved.Creating anonymous risk reporting channel. Each team member should have possibility to report risk that he foresees in the project.Preparing mitigation plans for risks that are chosen to be mitigated. The purpose of the mitigation plan is to describe how this particular risk will be handled what, when, by who and how will be done to avoid it or minimize consequences if it becomes a liability.Summarizing planned and faced risks, effectiveness of mitigation activit ies and run spend for the risk management.As an analyzing ray of light to assist in the risk management process, Decision tree is used to analyze the risks,Because the explanation for the result is easily described by simple chart in a simply understandable way which can be combined with other decision techniques as well.Important details can be generated based on its alternatives, probabilities, costs and their preferences for outcomes.First after analyzing the possible risks by identifying,Estimating the effectiveness by comparing the likelihood with the impact of a risk and lastly evaluating by confirming that they are in correct sequence and the cross checking with the risk reduction options assessing the acceptable level of each other.We select the most suitable risk management approach for each risk and a detailed plan of action which confirms its goals will be prepared by discussing with members.The risk management consist four main activities and below tasks will be compl eted at the end of each part.Planning- near appropriate selection will be selected for each risk and a detailed plan of action which confirms its desirability and objectives will be developed.Sometimes this activity may proceed in parallel with risk evaluation.Resourcing-This will identify and assign the necessary resources to do the work and will confirm that the revised plan is feasible and cost effective.Controlling-This will make sure that the execution of the plan is having the desired effect on the risk.This will ensure the management of the risk process will apply effectively and it will modify the plan where it necessary.Monitoring-This will check the stages of the risk and also check that the counted measures are happening effectively.During monitoring, if it feels that the risk management plan is ineffective, then we can go back to the risk analysis part.When managing the risks these below features will be considered mainly,Factors that need to continue correctly, threats, systemic risks for the successful saving project and benefits, risks to the business, risks for the customers and suppliers, risks of unexpected outputs and success of the international hotel chain.This is how I have planned to manage the risk, which can happen during a process and which will effect with a negative result to the process in the project.Task 3 variant Management is an essential part of a project. In a large project Configuration librarian plays a major(ip) role.Configuration management (CM) is the detailed recording and updating of information that describes an enterprises hardware and software. Such information typically includes the sports and updates that have been applied to installed software packages and the locations and network addresses of hardware devices. Special shape management software is available.When a system needs hardware or software upgrade, a computer technician can accesses the pattern management program and database to see what is currentl y installed. The technician can then make a more informed decision about the upgrade needed.An advantage of a configuration management application is that the entire collection of systems can be reviewed to make sure any turns made to one system do not adversely affect any of the other systemsConfiguration management is also used in software development, where it is called Unified Configuration Management (UCM). Using UCM, developers can handle track of the source code, documentation, problems, changes requested, and changes made.(a) Briefly out line some configuration items in the project given in the scenario.Manage the configuration Hotel Management systemPlan what is required and how it will be achievedGuests Room Reservations for guestsServices Adding other services use, restaurant use, bar use by guestsMaintenance To maintain records in the systemInquires To know about availability of rooms, reservations, gust listsFour computers have to be supplied for the selected project and these computersneeds to be networked. Required time schedule for the project is three months.(Use a Configuration Management Plan (Project Quality Plan)Identify components of the final productUse Defining and Analyzing intersections (PL2) to create a Configuration Item RecordUse unique identifiers for each product and each versionProjectProduct TypeProduct NameProduct Version.Control changes to baseline products by using change authoritySubmit products to the Configuration bibliothec to put under configuration commandRelease (issue) products and/or copiesSProduct Status Account to record and report product informationReport the status of products from the Configuration LibrarianVerify product integrity commit product configuration audits by the Configuration LibrarianPerform project audits by Project Assurance.In the above hotel management system developing project at each stage end as an output as below final deliverables will be reported.1st stage -Strategic study -informatio n technology strategy will be produced.second stage Business study -project initiation document.3th stage Feasibility study- Feasibility report.4th stage -Requirement analysis- the gathered exact requirements of the users to develop the system will be produced as Requirement analysis report5th stage -Requirement specifications-the requirements will be produced in a represented way and a wordy report.6th stage Logical system specification -the mapped business and technical aspects of the system will be produced.7th stage Logical design- interface design will be produced.8th stage -Physical design -the database design and program design using miniature specifications like sham codes, flowcharts, structure diagrams, etc will be produced.9th stage -Coding- the written program which is written with a programming language will be produced.10th stage -Testing -testing report.eleventh stage -Debugging-debugging report.12th stage -Implementation- the released version of the system in the target environment.13th stage -Maintenance-reports regarding the changes carried out throughout the system after the implementation.(b) Give a statement of the configuration librarians responsibilities.Configuration Librarian is the guardian of all the master copies of the projects products. The role will be also to look after change control on behalf of the project manager.Purpose flight attendant and guardian of all master copies of the projects productsReceives, baselines and releases (issues) productsUpdates the product status and informs the Project ManagerMaintains the Issue Log.The major tasks of the configuration librarian are summarized as follows-To control the receipt, identification, retention and issues of all project productsTo provide information on the status of all productsTo number, record, store and distribute change control documentsThe specific responsibilities of the configuration librarian are as follows-Assist the project manager to prepare the configurati on management planCreate libraries at other storage areas to hold productsAssist in the identification of productsCreate configuration item description recordsHold the master copies of all project productsMaintain the change control recordsAssist in conducting configuration auditsLiaise with other configuration librarians where products required by the project are common to other systems(c) Briefly outline what are the things that we must consider in change control of Project Management.In this hotel management system development, will develop several documents that include all the importance issues regarding to the development but sometime these document may need to be changed due to various reasons, when doing this changers it has to be done by stranded procedures its called ChangeControl .The change control document is the formal way into this projects any enquiry of a complaint or request, it can be raised by anyone associated with hotel project about anything such as-A new fu nction occurrenceA frailer of a productIn meeting some aspect of the user requirementBecause of a possible misunderstandA problem with the planningA frailer of communicationThe change control mainly it has recharge control document such as-Question document (when a question occurs about a change)It will be submitted to the configuration library and the configuration librarE-Commerce in FashionE-Commerce in FashionBackgroundE-commerce is in fashion so many companies of all sizes and types are reviewing their sales strategies. Consideration is being given to either (or both) selling to other businesses electronically (B2B) or selling directly to individual customers over the Internet (B2C).Many companies are failing to live up to expectations, with problems such as poor website design making ordering difficult, website failure (crashes) from overload or because they were incomplete, failure to confirm the order, subsequent out-of-stock, failure to deliver on time.The Project BriefYou, as the project manager, are to plan a project for a Triangle software house to develop an online Hotel Management system for an international hotel chain. The project is scheduled to start on6thof July 2010.The project should have the following optionsGuests Room Reservations for guestsServices Adding other services use, restaurant use, bar use by guestsMaintenance To maintain records in the systemInquires To know about availability of rooms, reservations, gust listsFour computers have to be supplied for the selected project and these computers needs to be networked. Required time schedule for the project is three months.From the Project Managers point of view, an e-commerce project is no different from any other project. You need a framework to plan resources and budget you must set the plan against an appropriate calendar and you need to ensure that you include the managerial and quality-related tasks that will help the project manager succeed.You need to plan how the project sho uld be initiated. However, your initiation plan should be presented in sufficient detail for someone else to manage it. You are not expected to have all the answers at this stage part of the skill of project planning is to ensure that you put the tasks in place to find out what is unknown and to manage the obvious risks.Task 1(a) As the Project Manager, you are expected to decide on the following1. The tasks required to carry out the project aim for at least 10-15 tasks.Traditional File System (SDLC-System Development Life Cycle)Strategic StudyBusiness studyFeasibility studyRequirement analysisRequirement SpecificationLogical system specificationLogical DesignPhysical DesignCodingTestingImplementationMaintenancePaste outRelate Traditional File System steps to Hotel management system Case Study.We use Traditional File System for Hotel management systemto develop their system.Strategic study Project Manager goes to the Hotel study the current system after he understood what the sys tem that they need to develop is what they technology must use to develop the hotel.Business study- Project Manager prepare a document project initiation document this will give the general definition for the developing system that document shown to the hotel managing director we get the approval to proceed the development the new system.Feasibility study These step uses to traditional file system how to feasible for hotel computerizes Economical, Technical Operational, even the developing system is most modern if end users are working within difficulty that system isnt operational but this system is not difficulty use.Cost effective ways and ensuring that the investment can be recovered and realize the benefits with allocated budget.The technology needed is available and can be integrated with the other systems of the organization.Deciding how the new system going to fit the current operational system and whether its operationally acceptable.Checking whether the new project is violating law both local and internationalRequirement analysis Firstly we interview Hotel managing Director asked question about the current system what they want to include their system to computerize ..,.Investigating forms and documents which are very useful to determine system data flows and transactionsIdentifying the outputs by investigating below reports,Hourly reportDaily reportMonthly reportYearly reportThen Checking latest updated procedure manuals and user manualsTo study user activities and to concentrate on how it is being handle.Interviewing and supervisor level users to gather opinions about the efficiency about the system, determine the needs of the users that to be in the new system, more specific details about the system.Producing and arranging online Questionnaires for all operational users who are going to use the system. By this can gather information from all the people who are going to have direct contact with the system.Planning formal observation sessions at 3 main hotels, specially the reception areaAnd closely observing the activities performed by the users. And observing customer inquiries reservation process etcStudying a subset documents or subset of the activity in the area in order to get an impression of the whole activity or document set .it is useful to verify findings from interviews or the above discussed techniques.Requirement Specification How the new computer system should be working this is a kind of the document which clearly specifies the requirement of the users. Use -Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) Data Flow Diagram (DFD).Logical system specification- This hotel computerize system include several logical specification there are may be several technical option that could be adapted which are capable of delivering the requirement in this stage system analysis first design define what those technical options and then the help of manager select the most suitable option.Logical Design This step we design a dialo g design initial interface are design Update process that change on the line system data and Enquiry process concern the interaction of useful information from system data.(we should involve the hotel manager very strongly specially dialog design influence how to system looks and behave to its users)Physical Design This step we design program design database design (ERD map into database components), this stage provides all the information required by the programmer.Coding We use language is Visual Basic for coding.(First programmer code will be written in short pieces that outlines simple as well-defined program function.)Testing- we tested correctness testing, performance testing ,reliability and recovery testing then security testing stress testing usability testing, unit and integration testing external function testing ,system testing, regression testing, acceptance testing, installation testing, completion testing, test documentation.( discover and rectify errors below s teps are planned to be done)Implementation- This stage involve preparation of the target side and making the environment the network here the hotel new system to target environment will done and prepare in the user manual and training the hotel worker for the New system. System will be installed shared in 4 computers which will be networked LAN (Configuration with I7 processors, 4 GB Ram..) With all required software.2. Decide on appropriate task dependencies and state durations of them.Task Duration (1= 1 day)ReferenceStrategic study 1 ABusiness study 1 BFeasibility study 1 CTechnical Feasibility2Operational Feasibility1Legal FeasibilityParallel with Op Feasibility(1)Economical Feasibility3Requirement analysis D(Forms and documents)1(Reports)1(Procedureuser manuals)1Interview-(Management level)3Interview-(Supervisor level)3(Questionnaires)1(Observation)2(Subset documentsactivity)1Requirement specification 3 ELogical system specification 2FLogical design 10 GPhysical design 20HCodin g 5 ITesting J(Unit) 5(Integrated) 1(System)1(User)2DebuggingParallel with testing(8)KImplementation L(Installation)2(User Training)2(Parallel Running)7MaintenanceContinues until phase out.MTotal Duration81-The explained tasks in task 1 are shortened and listed down above, under task name.-The Duration 1 is equals to 1 day.-Maintenance starts after implementing the project until phase out.-Total days for the project is 87-(81- planned days, and balances 6 days are to manage risks during the project period.(Table1.1)3. Create an Activity Net work Diagram with respect to your identified tasks,AND must be given using a standard Tool such as MS Project or MS VisioCritical path-A B C D E F G H I J LMS Project Output(b)There are many elements in a typical project plan. One such element is the Introduction which briefly describes the objectives of the project and the constraints, which affect project management. Prepare such introduction for this project using reasonable assumptions.List a nd explain with a sentence each other contents of a typical project plan.I am Nadeeshani and Im appointed as a project manager to develop this online hotel Management system for an international hotel chain by the triangle software house.The project is based on upgrading the existing system as an online system along with these main functions,Room reservations for guestsThe options to add other services like restaurant use, bar use, gym use, etcThe system which has the ability to obtain inquires from the guests and the ability to give them an answer/feedback, for example for the customer queries like availability of rooms, reservations and guest list, etc.And to get all the above updates and inquiries from the parties and to maintain the records in the systemWe hope to start the project on 6Th of July 2010 and we were going to be finished in September 30th 2010 (3 month) period.On that project running period we are considering Saturdays Sundays as working days. We hope to finished t his project 26Th of September 2010.The project has run 87 days but we are planning to be completed within 82 days rest 5 days we are planning to do collecting unanticipated problems complete the project report however we will make sure to complete this project in this 87 days period.This is the project plan how we are going to do the project.I hope the committee members will do their best to complete the project.The quality of the system will be maintained throughout the project by regular progress checking and progress monitoring.The project has been run through the 13 stages.Strategic studyBusiness studyFeasibility studyRequirement analysisRequirement specificationLogical system specificationLogical designPhysical designCoding, TestingDebuggingImplementationMaintenanceThese stages are planned in a greater level of detail.(These plans are used to track progress on a week by week basis through regular progress monitoring.)These stages are also separated into sub tasks basically con tains the lowest details. It will specify activities down to a daily level. This will be created in parallel with the above mentioned stage plans.And the monitoring and tracking will be on daily basis.As a project manager I hope we will be finished the project with less errors I believe you all are will be do your best. Clearly indicated whose responsible for what in the project, clearly shown what the project is to deliver, why and for whom and by making the project that can easily understand by everyone, mainly on time and within budgetMy motivation is to completely utilize my accumulated experience and knowledge to the fullest extent possible and making this projects a success.Task 2(a) Explain what are your typical responsibilities as a Software Project Manager in managing any type of software project and your typical tasksA software project manager has the overall responsibility for the successful initiation, planning, execution and closure of a project. A successful Project M anager must simultaneously manage the four basic elements of a project resources, time, money, and most importantly, scope. All these elements are interrelated. Each must be managed effectively. All must be managed together if the project, and the project manager, is to be a success.Resources People, equipment, materialTime Task durations, dependencies, critical pathMoney Costs, contingencies, profitScope Project size, goals, requirementsThis title is used in the construction industry, architecture, information technology and many different occupations that are based on production of a product or service.The project manager must possess a combination of skills including an ability to ask penetrating questions, detect unstated assumptions and resolve interpersonal conflicts as well as more systematic management skills.The role of the project manager encompasses many activities including -Planning and Defining Scope, Activity Planning and Sequencing, Resource Planning, Developing Sche dules, Time Estimating, Cost Estimating, Developing a Budget, Controlling Quality, Managing Risks and Issues, Creating Charts and Schedules, Risk Analysis, Benefits Realization, Scalability, Interoperability and Portability Analysis,Documentation,Team Leadership, Strategic Influencing, Customer Liaison.As a software project manager my typical tasks in managing a software project will be below.Manage the production of the required product.Direct and motivate the project team.Plan and monitor the project.Manage business and project risks.Responsible for change control.Report the true progress report and stage assessment to the steering committee.Prepare the end project report.Responsible for project administration.Responsibility MatrixIn a large project, there may be many people who have some role in the creation and approval of project deliverables. Sometimes this is pretty straightforward, such as one person writing a document and one person approving it. In other cases, there may b e many people who have a hand in the creation, and others that need to have varying levels of approval. The Responsibility Matrix is a technique used to define the general responsibilities for each role on a project. The matrix can then be used to communicate the roles to the appropriate people associated with the team. This helps set expectations, and ensures people know what is expected from them.On the matrix, the different people, or roles, appear as columns, with the specific deliverables in question listed as rows. Then, use the intersecting points to describe each persons responsibility for each deliverable.Ex(Table 2.1)A Approves the deliverableR Reviews the deliverable (and provides feedback).C Creates the deliverable (could be C (1) for primary, C (2) for backup). Usually there is only one person who is responsible for creating a deliverable, although many people may provide input.I Provides inputN Is notified when a deliverable is completeM Manages the deliverables (such as a librarian, or person responsible for the document repository)In the table above, the Requirements Management Plan is created by the project manager, approved by the sponsor and client managers, and reviewed by the project team and analysts.The purpose of the matrix is to gain clarity and agreement on who does what, so you can define the columns with as much detail as makes sense. For instance, in the above example, the Project Team could have been broken into specific people or the person responsible for creating the Data Model could have been broken out into a separate column. After the matrix is completed, it should be circulated for approval. If it is done in the Project Charter process, it can be an addendum to the Project Charter. If it is created as a part of the initial Analysis Phase, it should be circulated as a separate document.Examples of responsibility codes are as follows. Our project may define different codes, as long as you explain what they mean so that people know what the expectations are for them.Referenceshttp//www.lifecyclestep.com/open/407.0LifecycleRoles.htm(b) Briefly explain how you are going to manage the risk in the above project.Risk management is the process of analyzing exposure to risk and determining how to best handle such exposure. The project is planned to be a continuous process throughout the project until completion and considered in two main parts, the risk analysis part and the risk management part. I have planned to run risk management as below,At the start of the project, as a part of the decision of whether to undertake the projectAnd at every end stage assessmentsRisk management includes the following activitiesPlanning how risk management will be held in the particular project. Plan should include risk management tasks, responsibilities, activities and budget.Assigning risk officer a team member other than a project manager who is responsible for foreseeing potential project problems. Typical character istic of risk officer is a healthy skepticism.Maintaining live project risk database. Each risk should have the following attributes opening date, title, short description, probability and importance. Optionally risk can have assigned person responsible for its resolution and date till then risk still can be resolved.Creating anonymous risk reporting channel. Each team member should have possibility to report risk that he foresees in the project.Preparing mitigation plans for risks that are chosen to be mitigated. The purpose of the mitigation plan is to describe how this particular risk will be handled what, when, by who and how will be done to avoid it or minimize consequences if it becomes a liability.Summarizing planned and faced risks, effectiveness of mitigation activities and effort spend for the risk management.As an analyzing tool to assist in the risk management process, Decision tree is used to analyze the risks,Because the explanation for the result is easily described by simple graph in a simply understandable way which can be combined with other decision techniques as well.Important details can be generated based on its alternatives, probabilities, costs and their preferences for outcomes.First after analyzing the possible risks by identifying,Estimating the effectiveness by comparing the likelihood with the impact of a risk and finally evaluating by confirming that they are in correct sequence and the cross checking with the risk reduction options assessing the acceptable level of each other.We select the most suitable risk management approach for each risk and a detailed plan of action which confirms its goals will be prepared by discussing with members.The risk management consist four main activities and below tasks will be completed at the end of each part.Planning-Most appropriate selection will be selected for each risk and a detailed plan of action which confirms its desirability and objectives will be developed.Sometimes this activity ma y proceed in parallel with risk evaluation.Resourcing-This will identify and assign the necessary resources to do the work and will confirm that the revised plan is feasible and cost effective.Controlling-This will make sure that the execution of the plan is having the desired effect on the risk.This will ensure the management of the risk process will apply effectively and it will modify the plan where it necessary.Monitoring-This will check the stages of the risk and also check that the counted measures are happening effectively.During monitoring, if it feels that the risk management plan is ineffective, then we can go back to the risk analysis part.When managing the risks these below features will be considered mainly,Factors that need to continue correctly, threats, systemic risks for the successful delivery project and benefits, risks to the business, risks for the customers and suppliers, risks of unexpected outputs and success of the international hotel chain.This is how I hav e planned to manage the risk, which can happen during a process and which will effect with a negative result to the process in the project.Task 3Configuration Management is an essential part of a project. In a large project Configuration librarian plays a major role.Configuration management (CM) is the detailed recording and updating of information that describes an enterprises hardware and software. Such information typically includes the versions and updates that have been applied to installed software packages and the locations and network addresses of hardware devices. Special configuration management software is available.When a system needs hardware or software upgrade, a computer technician can accesses the configuration management program and database to see what is currently installed. The technician can then make a more informed decision about the upgrade needed.An advantage of a configuration management application is that the entire collection of systems can be reviewed to make sure any changes made to one system do not adversely affect any of the other systemsConfiguration management is also used in software development, where it is called Unified Configuration Management (UCM). Using UCM, developers can keep track of the source code, documentation, problems, changes requested, and changes made.(a) Briefly out line some configuration items in the project given in the scenario.Manage the configuration Hotel Management systemPlan what is required and how it will be achievedGuests Room Reservations for guestsServices Adding other services use, restaurant use, bar use by guestsMaintenance To maintain records in the systemInquires To know about availability of rooms, reservations, gust listsFour computers have to be supplied for the selected project and these computersneeds to be networked. Required time schedule for the project is three months.(Use a Configuration Management Plan (Project Quality Plan)Identify components of the final productUse Defini ng and Analyzing Products (PL2) to create a Configuration Item RecordUse unique identifiers for each product and each versionProjectProduct TypeProduct NameProduct Version.Control changes to baseline products by using change authoritySubmit products to the Configuration Librarian to put under configuration controlRelease (issue) products and/or copiesSProduct Status Account to record and report product informationReport the status of products from the Configuration LibrarianVerify product integrityPerform product configuration audits by the Configuration LibrarianPerform project audits by Project Assurance.In the above hotel management system developing project at each stage end as an output as below final deliverables will be reported.1st stage -Strategic study -information technology strategy will be produced.2nd stage Business study -project initiation document.3th stage Feasibility study- Feasibility report.4th stage -Requirement analysis- the gathered exact requirements of the users to develop the system will be produced as Requirement analysis report5th stage -Requirement specifications-the requirements will be produced in a diagrammatic way and a wordy report.6th stage Logical system specification -the mapped business and technical aspects of the system will be produced.7th stage Logical design- interface design will be produced.8th stage -Physical design -the database design and program design using miniature specifications like pseudo codes, flowcharts, structure diagrams, etc will be produced.9th stage -Coding- the written program which is written with a programming language will be produced.10th stage -Testing -testing report.11th stage -Debugging-debugging report.12th stage -Implementation- the released version of the system in the target environment.13th stage -Maintenance-reports regarding the changes carried out throughout the system after the implementation.(b) Give a statement of the configuration librarians responsibilities.Configuration Libr arian is the guardian of all the master copies of the projects products. The role will be also to look after change control on behalf of the project manager.Purpose Custodian and guardian of all master copies of the projects productsReceives, baselines and releases (issues) productsUpdates the product status and informs the Project ManagerMaintains the Issue Log.The major tasks of the configuration librarian are summarized as follows-To control the receipt, identification, storage and issues of all project productsTo provide information on the status of all productsTo number, record, store and distribute change control documentsThe specific responsibilities of the configuration librarian are as follows-Assist the project manager to prepare the configuration management planCreate libraries at other storage areas to hold productsAssist in the identification of productsCreate configuration item description recordsHold the master copies of all project productsMaintain the change contr ol recordsAssist in conducting configuration auditsLiaise with other configuration librarians where products required by the project are common to other systems(c) Briefly outline what are the things that we must consider in change control of Project Management.In this hotel management system development, will develop several documents that include all the importance issues regarding to the development but sometime these document may need to be changed due to various reasons, when doing this changers it has to be done by stranded procedures its called ChangeControl .The change control document is the formal way into this projects any enquiry of a complaint or request, it can be raised by anyone associated with hotel project about anything such as-A new function occurrenceA frailer of a productIn meeting some aspect of the user requirementBecause of a possible misunderstandA problem with the planningA frailer of communicationThe change control mainly it has recharge control documen t such as-Question document (when a question occurs about a change)It will be submitted to the configuration library and the configuration librar